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Pacta conventa (Croatia)
Pacta conventa (Lat. ''agreed accords'') was an alleged agreement concluded between King Coloman of Hungary and the Croatian nobility in 1102 or afterwards, defining the status of Croatia in the union with Hungary. The earliest manuscript of the document is of the fourteenth century.
The document titled ''Pacta conventa'' or ''Qualiter'' (the first word in the document) was found in a Trogir library.〔 Until the 19th century it was considered that it dated to 1102. However, most historians today hold that it is not an authentic document from 1102 and likely a forgery from the 14th century, but that the contents of the Pacta Conventa still correspond to the political situation of that time in Croatia.〔Pál Engel: (''Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary'' ), 2005, p. 35-36〕〔Bárány, Attila (2012). "The Expansion of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages (1000– 1490)". In Berend, Nóra. The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages. Ashgate Variorum. page 344-345〕 The document is preserved in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.〔Eduard Hercigonja, ''Tropismena i trojezična kultura hrvatskoga srednjovjekovlja'', Matica hrvatska, Zagreb, 2006. ISBN 953-150-766-X〕
==Background==
After Petar Svačić, the last Croatian king of Croat descent, was killed on the battlefield in 1097, the Croats had refused to surrender.〔Hrvoje Hitrec; Hrvatska povjesnica; in Croatian〕 To end the war, an agreement was made, probably in 1102. The Croatian nobles allegedly concluded the ''Pacta conventa'' with King Coloman before his crowning as the Croatian king in Biograd.〔Curta, Stephenson, 2006, (p. 267 )〕
The Hungarian king offered "an agreement as pleases them" to the twelve noble Croatian tribes from the families of Kačić, Kukar, Šubić, Snačić, Polečić, Mogorović, Gušić, Čudomerić, Karinjanin and Lapčan, Lisničić, Jamometić and Tugomerić.
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